Zitat:
GHG Theory was invented to explain a so-called 33°C atmospheric
greenhouse gas global warming effect. In 1981 James Hansen [1], [2 ] stated
the average thermal T at Earth’s surface is 15°C (ok) and Earth radiates
to space at -18°C (ok). Then he declared the difference 15° - (-18°) =
33°C (arithmetic ok) is the famous greenhouse gas effect. This is not ok
because there is no physics to connect these two dissimilar numbers. The
33°C are whatchamacallits. This greenhouse gas effect does not exist.
Here is the science for what is happening.
Thermal T is a point property
of matter, a scalar measure of its kinetic energy of atomic and molecular motion. It is measured by thermometers. It decreases with altitude. The rate of thermal energy transfer by conduction or convection between hot Th and cold Tc is proportional to (Th - Tc).
Radiation t is a point property of massless radiation, EMR, a directional
vector measure of its energy transmission rate per area or intensity, w/
m2, according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law.
It is measured by pyrometers and spectrometers.
Solar radiation t increases with altitude.
Black bodies are defined to be those that absorb and radiate with the same intensity and corresponding t.
Real, colorful bodies reflect, scatter, absorb, convert
and emit radiant energy according to the nature of the incident radiation
direction, spectrum and body matter reflectivity, absorptivity, emissivity
and view factors.
The rate of EMR energy transfer from a hot body, th, is Q, w = 5.67Ae(th + 273)^^4, where A is radiating area and e is emissivity fraction.
But it may not be absorbed by all bodies that intercept it, as
GHG theory assumes. In particular, hotter radiating bodies do not absorb
colder incident radiation and reemit it more intensely, as GHG backradiation
theory assumes.
Above Earth’s stratosphere, thin air T is rather cold, about -80°C.
Yet solar radiation t is rather hot, about 120°C. So spacesuits have thermal
insulation and radiant reflection. The difference, 200°C, is meaningless.
On a cold, clear, winter day on snowcapped mountains, dry air T = -10°C
and radiation t = 50°C. I can feel them both.
Much of GHG theory fails to make clear distinctions between these two
different kinds of temperature, T and t.
One temperature, t, is analogous to velocity, 34 km/hour northnb;
the other, T, is analogous to density, 1 kg/liter.
So 34 km/hour - 1 kg/liter is indeed 33 whatchamacallits by
arithmetic, but nobody will ever know what a whatchamacallit is because
velocity and density are not connected by nature.
To clarify this enormous intellectual flaw, the boiling point of water is
100°C (true) and freezing point is 32°F (true), subtract 100° - 32° = 68°
(correct arithmetic) and declare atmospheric pressure is 68 psia.
The declaration is false because a) the difference between C and F has no
meaning, b) there is no physics to connect 68 to pressure, psia, and c)
atmospheric pressure is actually 14.7 psia.
That 33°C greenhouse gas effect that has everybody so upset and is researched ad nauseam to death is not an effect, merely an easily explained pair of facts.
Therefore, it is quite true the 33°C greenhouse gas effect defined by
James Hansen in 1981 as thermal T = 15°C at surface minus radiant t =
-18°C to space is whatchamacallit nonsense.
Everybody knows you can’t compare apples to eggs; except perhaps Greenhouse Gas theorists.
Since this is irrefutable logic, no experiment is called for. Logic trumps
nonsense; that is why humans invented it around 400BC. No one needs
to prove or disprove the existence of whatchamacallits. They are not
even imaginary. There is no greenhouse in the sky.
Planetary atmospheres reflect, scatter, transmit, absorb, emit and
diminish stellar radiation intensity at the surface according to Beer-
Lambert Law, 121°C incident to Earth’s stratosphere to 15°C at surface.
Thermal T of atmospheres increase as gravity compresses gas and
converts potential energy to kinetic energy closer to the surface, -80°C in
stratosphere to 14.5°C at surface. Therefore atmospheres cause the
surface to be colder than it would be if atmosphere were thinner or nonexistent.
The more O2 is exchanged for higher heat capacity CO2, the
colder the surface radiation intensity temperature.
Atmospheres are refrigerators, not blankets.
GHG theory postulates back-radiation from cold atmospheric CO2 is
absorbed by the surface, heating it more. This violates Second Law of
thermodynamics (energy can only be transferred from hot to cold bodies),
leading to creation of energy, a violation of the First Law of
thermodynamics (energy conservation), and the impossible perpetual
motion machine AGW promoters need to cause eternal global warming.
CO2 does not trap radiation; like all molecules, it absorbs some incident
radiation according to its absorption spectrum and promptly emits it
according to its emission spectrum. CO2 is not a pollutant; it is inert
green plant food. CO2 should not be curtailed, starving Earth’s flora.
Minor solar driven global warming from 1974 to 1998 has stabilized
through 2011. CO2 has nothing to do with global warming; it actually
cools Earth.
Arctic ice does not melt because of global warming, increasing T; it melts when the average T > 0, at rate proportional to T, no
matter whether T is increasing or decreasing.
This essay has seven scientific facts (33°C whatchamacallit, no blanket,
no back-radiation, CO2 no trap, CO2 inert food, no AGW, ice melts), each
of which refute GHG and AGW. It has not been peer reviewed because it
is well known to professional physicists and engineers; it does not merit a
research paper, or research, or experiments. Logic just needs clear
definitions and common sense, not government spending and regulation.
1. Hansen, J, Johnson D, Lacis A, Lebedeff S, Lee P, Rind D & Russell G,
“Climate Impact of Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide”, Science, Vol
213, n 4511, pp 957 - 966, August 28, 1981.
2. Hansen, J, Fung I, Lacis A, Rind D, Lebedeff S, Ruedy R & Russell G,
“Global Climate Changes as Forecast by Goddard Institute for Space
Studies Three-Dimensional Model”, Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol
93, n D8, pg 9341 - 9364, August 20, 1988.
